NASA Sends More Science To Space, More Strides For Future Exploration

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* "NASA's Perseverance Rover Discovers Ancient Lake on Mars" (Space. com) * "New Emissions Targets Set for Car Makers by EU Governments" (The Guardian) * "China's Space Station Completes First Spacewalk" (Sci-Tech Today) * "EU Plans to Power All Homes with Renewables by 2050" (Euronews) * "NASA's Parker Solar Probe Reveals Sun's Corona's Swirling Dance" (Science Magazine) * "WHO Confirms Link Between Climate Change and Extreme Weather" (BBC News) * "Australia to Create World's Largest Marine Reserve" (The New York Times) I hope you find these bullet points informative and amusing!

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New experiments aboard NASA's Northrop Grumman 21st cargo resupply mission aim to pioneer scientific discoveries in microgravity on the International Space Station.

Northrop Grumman's Cygnus spacecraft, filled with nearly 8,500 pounds of supplies, launched Aug. 4 atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. Biological and physical investigations aboard the spacecraft included experiments studying the impacts of microgravity on plants (grass), how packed bed reactors could improve water purification both in space and on Earth, and observations on new rounds of samples that will allow scientists to learn more about the characteristics of different materials as they change phases on the tiniest scales.

The Electrostatic Levitation Furnace –4 experiment led by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), one of NASA's space station international partners, includes 20 new test samples. Its goal is to continue establishing guidelines for measuring different thermophysical properties of various samples at temperatures greater than 2,000 degrees Celsius.

Transforming raw materials from a liquid to solid form requires the use of a container, known as a crucible, which is used to both heat and hold the substance as it cools down and hardens. During this process, a chemical reaction occurs between the substance and the crucible, and impurities are released and absorbed in the plasma. The Electrostatic Levitation Furnace is the hardware that allows scientists to remove this contaminating part of the process by creating space between the liquid and container — levitating the sample while heated.

The Electromagnetic Levitator , an ESA (European Space Agency) levitation facility, which is celebrating a decade aboard the International Space Station, enables scientists to conduct materials research on at least two elements, known as alloys, in a microgravity environment. By studying the core of the physics taking place, researchers can perform experiments to better understand the steps leading up to solidifying and changing phases. This knowledge could contribute to advancements in the manufacturing industry by providing scientists with more information to develop the latest and more reliable materials for activities like 3D printing.