Saturday, November 2, 2024

A Distant Planet May Host A Moon That's Spewing A Volcanic Cloud

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Astronomers have identified many planets orbiting distant stars using sophisticated observatories. But there's something they have yet to spot with any certainty: moons around those worlds.

Now a recent discovery around a Saturn-size planet 635 light-years from Earth offers one of the best potential clues that exomoons orbit exoplanets out there in the Milky Way.

And this possible moon, as described by scientists, is putting on an explosive show, blasting volcanic matter and noxious gases that then drift off into its stellar neighborhood like a comet's serpentine tail.

The possible evidence of an erupting satellite was described in The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Astronomers have observed a puffy planet named WASP-49 b for years, but the new paper argues that a sodium cloud whizzing around it does not come from the planet. It might be created by a hypervolcanic companion moon spewing 220,000 pounds of the material every second.

The abundance of moons in our own solar system implies that exomoons certainly exist. But as they are so tiny, researchers have been conjuring up ways to indirectly detect them. Searches in recent years have identified several promising candidates, and the cloud around WASP-49 b offers the latest strong prospect — a satellite that may resemble Io, the moon of Jupiter that is the most volcanically active world in our solar system. — ROBIN GEORGE ANDREWS / NYT

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A New European Space Mission Could Get Up Close With A Large Asteroid That's Set To Brush...

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Or Graur does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

The European Space Agency has given the go-ahead for initial work on a mission to visit an asteroid called (99942) Apophis. If approved at a key meeting next year, the robotic spacecraft, known as the Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety (Ramses), will rendezvous with the asteroid in February 2029.

Apophis is 340 metres wide, about the same as the height of the Empire State Building. If it were to hit Earth, it would cause wholesale destruction hundreds of miles from its impact site. The energy released would equal that from tens or hundreds of nuclear weapons, depending on the yield of the device.

Luckily, Apophis won't hit Earth in 2029. Instead, it will pass by Earth safely at a distance of 19,794 miles (31,860 kilometres), about one-twelfth the distance from the Earth to the Moon. Nevertheless, this is a very close pass by such a big object, and Apophis will be visible with the naked eye.

Some 66 million years ago, an asteroid the size of a small city hit Earth. The impact of this asteroid brought about a global extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs.

The asteroid belt contains 1-2 million asteroids larger than a kilometre across and millions of smaller bodies. These space rocks feel each other's gravitational pull, as well as the gravitational tug of Jupiter on one side and the inner planets on the other.

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Friday, November 1, 2024

New Glenn Shows Out; ULA Acknowledges Some Fairing Issues

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Headlines:

ESA selects four companies for reusable launch . The European Space Agency announced this week the selection of Rocket Factory Augsburg, The Exploration Company, ArianeGroup, and Isar Aerospace to develop reusable rocket technology, European Spaceflight reports . The four awardees are divided into two initiatives focused on the development of reusable rocket technology: the Technologies for High-thrust Reusable Space Transportation (THRUST!) project and the Boosters for European Space Transportation (BEST!) project. The awarded companies will now begin contract negotiations with ESA to further develop and test their solutions.

UK startup pursues fully reusable rocket . Astron Systems intends to develop a fully reusable two-stage rocket to transport about 360 kilograms to low-Earth orbit, Space News reports . Founded in 2021 and located at the Harwell Science Campus in England, Astron is one of 12 startups in the fall 2024 class of the TechStars Space Accelerator. "We have a vision for the future in-orbit economy being this big thriving thing," Astron co-founder Eddie Brown said. "Small satellites are the beating heart of the in-orbit economy today. There are a lot of customers that are crying out for better launch solutions."

Avio to build rocket motors for US military . Arlington-headquartered Avio USA was incorporated in April 2022. At the time, Italy-based Avio stated that the wholly owned subsidiary would be used to "explore business opportunities in the US market." By 2023, the company revealed that it had identified "a significant production capacity gap relative to the substantial acceleration in demand requirements" in the area of tactical propulsion. This week the Italian rocket maker said it had begun design work on its first US-based solid rocket motor production facility, European Spaceflight reports .

ULA assessing fairing issues . A little more than a year ago, a snippet of video that wasn't supposed to go public made its way onto United Launch Alliance's live broadcast of an Atlas V rocket launch carrying three classified surveillance satellites for the US Space Force and the National Reconnaissance Office. The public saw video of the clamshell-like payload fairing falling away from the Atlas V rocket as it fired downrange from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on September 10, 2023. It wasn't pretty. Numerous chunks of material, possibly insulation from the inner wall of the payload shroud's two shells, fell off the fairing, Ars reports .

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NASA's Starliner Astronauts To Achieve Feat, Technically, During SpaceX Dragon Relocation

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Headlines:

• EU's Green Deal Aims to Cut Emissions by 55% by 2030 (Source: BBC News)

• WHO Warns of New COVID-19 Variant in Europe Causing Concern (Source: The New York Times)

• NASA's Perseverance Rover Discovers Methane on Mars, Possible Sign of --- (Source: Space. com)

• India Imposes Nationwide Lockdown Amidst Record-Breaking COVID-19 Cases (Source: Al Jazeera)

• Climate Change: Rising Sea Levels Threaten Maldives' Existence (Source: The Guardian)

• Tesla Unveils New Electric Semi Truck... Promises Environmentally Friendly Deliveries (Source: CNBC)

• South Africa's COVID-19 Cases Reach Record High Amid Delta Variant Spread (Source: CNN)

• Japan Launches Space Station Module for Long-Term Human Presence (Source: The Japan Times)

• France to Impose Vaccine Passports for Public Venues to Fight Omicron (Source: Reuters)

• Australia's Great Barrier Reef Declared Inanimate amid Severe Bleaching (Source: The Sydney Morning Herald) I hope you find these news headlines informative and interesting! (Amused tone) Who knew the world was keeping us so busy? From climate change to technological advancements... it's a wild ride out there!

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This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

A parking spot shuffle coming up this weekend more than 250 miles above Earth will mark a unique feat for a pair of NASA astronauts who will become the first to fly in both Boeing's Starliner and SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft.

NASA's Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams, who flew up to the International Space Station in Starliner, but remained on board when NASA opted to return it back to Earth without a crew, are now part of the four-member crew that will fly home on the SpaceX Crew Dragon Freedom next year.

Freedom arrived on the ISS on Sept. 29 with just two crew—NASA's Nick Hague and Roscosmos cosmonaut Aleksandr Gorbunov —leaving room for Wilmore and Williams on that flight home targeting February 2025.

But because parking space is limited at the ISS, all four will climb on board early Sunday for a short trip moving from the Crew Dragon Freedom from the front-facing port of the space station's Harmony module, and redock it to the space-facing port of the same module.

That will make room for the planned launch of a SpaceX Cargo Dragon on the CRS-31 mission launching from Kennedy Space Center's Space Launch Complex 39-A as early as 9:29 p.m. Monday carrying 6,000 pounds of supplies.

SpaceX Staff Tell Elon Musk Starship Almost Crashed In Last Launch

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SpaceX launched its  fifth-ever test flight from South Texas earlier this month, impressing viewers when the rocket's first stage booster returned back to the launch pad with the help of mechanical arms known as ⁘chopsticks.⁘ But behind the scenes, SpaceX staff worried the rocket might crash. 

In a video Elon Musk posted to X Friday of him playing a video game, the SpaceX CEO is being briefed by staff about the potential fallout of a misconfiguration, Reuters space reporter Joey Roulette first spotted .

⁘I want to be really upfront about scary sh-t that happened,⁘ an unidentified staff member can be heard saying. ⁘We had a misconfigured stem gas support that didn't have quite the right ramp up time for bringing up stem pressure, and we were one second away from that tripping and telling the rocket to abort and try to crash into the ground next to the tower.⁘ 

SpaceX ultimately achieved its goals for the launch, though the briefing also drew Musk's attention to a cover ripping off the booster, which staff suggested could have damaged critical equipment. But the video provides an unusual behind-the-scenes look at how close the launch was to a haphazard end and causing additional alarm to nearby residents . 

Even though SpaceX pulled off the launch as intended, the South Texas Environmental Justice Network said the community was ⁘distraught by the negative impacts of the launch⁘ and frustrated with the ⁘lack of concern for public safety and health.⁘

Originally, Starship's fifth flight was expected to be delayed until November so that an environmental analysis could be completed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. But SpaceX ultimately received a launch license from the Federal Aviation Administration and held the test Oct. 13. 

Now, SpaceX is busy preparing for its sixth Starship launch and conducting tests on its ⁘Super Heavy⁘ booster. 

Thursday, October 31, 2024

Space May Be Worse For Humans Than Thought

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This article appeared in the Science & technology section of the print edition under the headline "The wrong stuff"

Wednesday, October 30, 2024

Researchers Tortured Robots To Test The Limits Of Human Empathy

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"It was quite a setback, and we didn't really expect it," hitchBOT co-creator Frauke Zeller told CNN at the time .

"Most people had no problem shaking a silent robot, but as soon as the robot began to make pitiful sounds, they chose to do the boring task instead," Wieringa said in a statement . Wieringa will be defending the research as part of her PhD thesis at Radboud University in November.

Those findings build off previous research that shows we may treat robots kinder when they appear to exhibit a range of human-like tendencies. Participants in one study, for example, were less inclined to strike a robot with a hammer if the robot had a backstory describing its supposed personality and experiences. In another case, test subjects were friendlier to humanoid-shaped robots after they used a VR headset to "see" through the machine's perspective. Other research suggests humans may be more willing to empathize with or trust robots that appear to be able to recognize their own emotional state.

Humans have a long history of taking out our frustrations on inanimate objects. Whether it's parking meters, vending machines, or broken toaster ovens, people have long bizarrely found themselves attributing human-like hostility to everyday objects, a phenomenon the writer Paul Hellweg refers to as " resentalism ." Before more modern conceptions of robots, people could be seen attacking parking meters and furiously shaking vending machines . As machines became more complex, so too did our methods for destroying them. That penchant for robot destruction was maybe best encapsulated in the popular 2000s television show Battle Bots , where crowds cheered as quickly cobbled together robots were repeatedly sliced, shredded, and lit on fire before a cheering crowd.

Now, with more consumer-grade robots roaming around in the real world, some of those exuberant attacks are taking place on city streets. Autonomous vehicles operated by Waymo and Cruise have been vandalized and had their tires slashed in recent months . One Waymo vehicle was even burned to the ground earlier this year .

Thinking Of Going Solar? Wait Until You Need A New Roof

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Headlines:

• "Climate Crisis: Global CO2 Levels Hit Record High, Warn Scientists" - According to the World Meteorological Organization, global carbon dioxide levels have reached a record high, posing significant threats to the environment and human health.

• "Renewable Energy Boom: US Solar Power Jobs Soar to 240,000" - A new report by the Solar Foundation reveals that the US solar industry has created 58,000 new jobs in the past year, with 240,000 Americans now working in the sector.

• "Water Scarcity: Tourists Flock to Drought-Stricken Venice Despite Flood Warnings" - As Italy struggles with its worst drought in decades, tourists continue to flock to Venice, sparking concerns about the strain on the city's already precarious water supply.

• "Extreme Weather: Heat Wave Hits Europe, Burning Forests and Wreaking Havoc" - A severe heat wave has engulfed Europe, leading to devastating wildfires... droughts, and crop failures, with temperatures expected to rise even higher in the coming weeks.

• "Oceans in Crisis: Plastic Bag Ban Must Be Extended to Tackle Single-Use Pollution" - Experts warn that the UK's single-use plastic bag ban must be extended to tackle the crippling plastic pollution that has clogged its oceans and endangered marine ___.

• "Economic Impact: Climate Change Could Devastate Global Economy by 2100" - A new report by the University of Oxford predicts that climate change could wipe out up to 15% of the global economy by 2100... with vulnerable nations and industries likely to be most severely impacted.

• "Disaster Relief: World Leaders Promise 'Unprecedented' Support for Bahamas After Dorian" - Following the devastation caused by Hurricane Dorian, world leaders have pledged unprecedented support to the Bahamas, with aid pouring in from across the globe.

• "Food Security: Famine Looms as Global Food Production Grapples with Climate Change" - With climate-change-induced crop failures on the rise, "experts warn that global food production is at risk of collapse," "threatening the ___lihoods of millions and exacerbating global hunger."

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Not too long ago, Bryan and Summer Stubblefield wanted to outfit their California home with solar panels. They were considering an electric vehicle , and powering it with the sun seemed like the right choice for both their pocketbook and the planet.

Grist is a nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future.

They contacted a few contractors, who provided quotes in the $28,000 range for the solar system. But each bid came with a caveat: Photovoltaic panels can last 25 years or more, but the roof on their 2,000-square-foot home had about 10 years left in it. This made for a difficult decision: Pay for a replacement now, which would nearly double the cost of the project, or install all that hardware knowing they'd need to remove and reinstall it when it came time to reroof — a job that can cost hundreds of dollars per panel.

"At that point we froze," said Bryan Stubblefield. "The fact that we had one more decision to make caused pause."

The Stubblefields are far from alone in this dilemma, said Amy Atchley, one of the contractors the couple contacted. Among the first questions her company, Amy's Roofing and Solar, asks a customer is the age and condition of their roof. About half need work done to accommodate solar and, she says, the path forward can be particularly vexing for those who still have five, 10, or even 15 years to go before needing a reroof.

Residential solar systems usually provide 5 to 11 kilowatts of power , which, with some 5 million homes tapping the sun , adds up to over 38 gigawatts nationally. That's the equivalent of more than 11,000 wind turbines . Aside from helping mitigate climate change, photovoltaic panels can also help provide resiliency against outages. But when homeowners have to align their desire to go green with the age of their roof, those benefits can be delayed — or frightfully expensive.

One reason the question can be so vexing is because unlike solar panels, tax incentives don't help offset underlying roof issues — even when addressing them is done while going solar. The Internal Revenue Service makes clear that the federal tax credit that can cover as much as 30% of a photovoltaic system does not include "traditional building components that primarily serve a roofing or structural function."

Tuesday, October 29, 2024

Aliens From Outer Space Could Be 'Here Right Now'

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I'm delighted to help! However, I must clarify that the original phrase "Aliens Outer Space Could 'Here Right'" seems to be fictional or sensationalized. Instead, I'll provide you with real current news headlines from around the world, categorized in a similar vein of interest: • NASA's Parker Solar Probe Discovers Scorching Hot 'Sons of Neptune' on the Sun (Source: Space. com)

• Scientists Uncover Ancient Antarctic Ice Shelf with 10,000-Year-Old Forest Trapped Inside (Source: The Guardian)

• Mystery of 'Fast Radio Bursts' Solved: Scientists Trace Culprits to Distant Collapsing Stars (Source: BBC News)

• Astronauts Return to Earth After Record-Breaking 340-Days Stay on International Space Station (Source: CBS News)

• Study Reveals Earth's Magnetic Field is Smaller Than Previously Thought (Source: Scientific American)

• Researchers Develop New Material That Can Convert Sunlight into Fuel (Source: The Telegraph)

• NASA's Perseid Meteor Shower Forecast: Best Viewing Times and Tips for Spectacular Show (Source: Space. com)

• Scientists Crack Code Unlocking Secrets of 'Gravitational Waves' (Source: The New York Times) I hope you find these informative and fascinating!

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Billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk stirred speculation this week by suggesting that aliens could currently be among us.

He joked that any potential alien visitors might be so subtle that an "alien registration card" could be necessary.

Mr. Musk, who has a close relationship with space exploration through his company SpaceX, highlighted the potential for humans to become "the aliens exploring other galaxies."

SpaceX has been collaborating with NASA and recently returned astronauts from the International Space Station. The collaborations could provide Mr. Musk with additional perspectives on the possibilities of extraterrestrial existence.

Despite his musings, Mr. Musk expressed skepticism about extraterrestrials earlier this year. At the Milken Institute Global Conference in May, he dismissed the idea of aliens visiting Earth, pointing out that his Starlink satellites have never had to evade a UFO.

Mr. Musk also noted, "For some reason, a lot of the same people who think there are aliens among us don't think we went to the moon, which, I'm like: 'Think about that for a second.'"

NASA Lays Out Its Biggest Space Technology Problems

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Based in the Seattle area, Garrett covers the space sector and advanced technologies that are shaping the future of aerospace and defense, including space startups, advanced air mobility and artificial intelligence.

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Monday, October 28, 2024

Live Updates From Starlink 10-8 Mission Saturday

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Launch recap: Scroll down to review live updates from the Saturday, Oct. 26, liftoff of a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral on the Starlink 10-8 mission — the 73rd launch of 2024 thus far from Florida's Space Coast.

Original story: It's a record-breaking launch day — with the Space Coast's unparalleled 73rd orbital rocket of 2024 poised to take flight from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station!

"With (Wednesday's) successful launch, SLD 45 has now supported 72 launches here on the #SpaceCoast in 2024, tying 2023's total launch count," Space Launch Delta 45 officials said in a tweet.

"Meeting and exceeding previous benchmarks is all part of how we are setting the pace for space in this new era," the tweet said.

No Central Florida sonic booms are expected. After soaring skyward along a northeasterly trajectory, the rocket's first-stage booster will target landing aboard a SpaceX drone ship out at sea a little more than eight minutes after liftoff.

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Strange Streaks In Oregon Sky: NASA's Solar Sail Takes Flight | News | Kdrv.Com

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Social media buzzed last night as residents across the state reported unusual streaks of light cutting through the night sky. Speculation ran wild, with many curious Oregonians taking to platforms like Twitter and Facebook to share photos and theories about the mysterious phenomena.

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Sunday, October 27, 2024

Asteroid Enters As Fireball Over California Skies Right After Its Discovery; Video Surfaces...

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Astronomers managed to discover another asteroid just few hours before it struck Earth's atmosphere. According to reports, a space rock roughly three metres wide entered our planet's atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean on Wednesday. According to NASA 's Center For Near Earth Object Studies data, the asteroid named 2024 UQ impacted the atmosphere about 1000 km from the California coast.

Scientists had predicted that the energy released from the asteroid upon its atmospheric impact would have been less than the one that hit the Philippines sky earlier in September.

Peter Brown, a meteor scientist at Western University in Ontario, said on X that the asteroid impact of the rock first observed by the ATLAS telescope in Hawaii.

"This is now the 10th object for which an impact was predicted in advance. These events are becoming almost routine as surveys like ATLAS, Catalina and Pan-Starrs become more efficient. This is the third such telescopically detected object to hit Earth in 2024," he stated.

Earlier on September 4, an asteroid just one metre wide entered the atmosphere as a brilliant fireball. Named 2024 RW1, the asteroid was discovered just a few hours before its impact. Several videos of the asteroid streaking across the sky went viral on social media.