Inside The Search For A Hidden Planet In Our Solar System

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Brown, a professor of planetary astronomy at Caltech, discovered another small world called Eris in the Kuiper Belt — a vast ring of icy objects beyond Neptune's orbit that also happens to be the former ninth planet's neighborhood. The 2005 revelation set off a chain of events that led to Pluto's still-controversial demotion from planet status the following year.

But now, just as the Kuiper Belt effectively took a ninth planet away, Brown and other scientists believe it could give one back.

The belt , which astronomers believe is made of leftovers from the solar system's formation, extends 50 times farther from the sun than Earth, with a secondary region that reaches beyond it for nearly 20 times that distance. Pluto, now classified as a dwarf planet along with Eris, is just one of the largest among the scores of icy bodies that exist there — and doesn't dominate its own orbit and clear the orbit of other objects. That's why it can't have the same standing as the remaining eight planets, according to guidelines laid out by the International Astronomical Union.

"If we find another planet, that is a really big deal," said Malena Rice, an assistant professor of astronomy at Yale University. "It could completely reshape our understanding of the solar system and of other planetary systems, and how we fit into that context. It's really exciting — there is a lot of potential to learn a tremendous amount about the universe."

Soon, the debate could be settled, once a new telescope capable of surveying the entire available sky every few nights comes online in late 2025. Until then, a team of researchers believes it has found the most compelling evidence yet that the hidden planet is real.